Down+syndrome

Please use this wiki to compile resources, links, and files related to your final project case study. You may use and organize this wiki however you wish, but please note that the following items are required:
 * Information about the child's diagnosis
 * Evidence-summary table and links to articles, websites, abstracts, etc (from the Nov 16 EBP lab) on a clinical question of your choice (related to the child's diagnosis, condition, limitations, and/or restrictions)
 * Educational material of your choice (such as a brochure, home exercise program, inservice presentation) related to the child's diagnosis, condition, restrictions/limitations

Remember, you MAY NOT include any identifying information on this page. Do not include the child's name or birth date, any personal information about the child, photographs or video of the child, or the WHO-ICF model completed about the child.

= = =U.S National Library of Medicine General Information on Down Syndrome= []

National Down Syndrome Society []

Kids Health (Parental Friendly) []

Down's Syndrome Association []

=Common impairments associated with Down Syndrome= Atlanto-Axial Instability []

Congenital Heart Disease []

Mosaic Down Syndrome []

[]

Translocation Down Syndrome []

** Developmental Milestones in Typically Developing Children compared to children with Down syndrome **

Link to Document with images of activity for each milestone.

** Average/Range ** || 2-8 months ||  6 months/ 2-12 months || 5-9 months || ** (at least 1 minute) ** ||  6 months  ||  10 months/ 6-18 months || 8-22 months || 9-16 months ||  20 months/ 10-38 months || 9-17 months ||  23 months/ 12-48 months || 12-24 months ||  30 months/ 20-48 months || 13-24 months ||  36 months/ 24- 60 months || 48-60 months || References for Developmental Milestones Chart: [] [] [] Winders, P.C. (1997). //Gross motor skills in children with Down syndrome: A guide for parents and professionals (topics in Down syndrome) //. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
 * ** Developmental Skill ** ||  ** Typical Developing Child Age: Average/Range **  ||  ** Down Syndrome Age: **
 * ** Rolling Prone → Supine ** ||  4 months/
 * ** Rolling Supine → Prone ** ||  6 months  ||  7 months/
 * ** Sitting Independently **
 * ** Reciprocal Creeping on Hands and Knees in Quadruped ** ||  9 months  ||  17 months/
 * ** Standing Independently ** ||  11 months/
 * ** Walking Independently (15 feet) ** ||  12 months/
 * ** Walk Up Stairs ** ||  15 months/
 * ** Walk Down Stairs ** ||  18 months/
 * ** Jumping ** ||  24 months  ||  48 months/
 * ** Running ** ||  18 months  ||  48 months  ||

=**Resources for Down Syndrome in the Kansas City area**= Down Syndrome Guild of Greater Kansas City http://www.kcdsg.org/

Dads Appreciating Down Syndrome http://www.dadskc.org/events.html

Special Olympics Kansas and Missouri http://www.ksso.org/ http://somo.org/

YMCA Challenger: Adaptive Sports for Children and Young Adults with Special Needs (mental or physical) http://www.kansascityymca.org/youth-development/challengerspecial-needs http://www.kansascityymca.org/youth-development/challengerspecial-needs/sports Sports Schedule

Evidence Summary Table: **Are Functional or Alternative Strength Training Techniques Effective Therapeutic Interventions for Children with Down Syndrome?**

8 min/day, 5 days/week. The control group received standard or no therapy, based on MD recommendation. || The children with treadmill training walking independently significantly earlier than the control group. The intervention group also pulled self to stand, and walked with help earlier, though not significantly. || Strength was measured with the Hand Held Dynamometer (HHD) and balance was measured with the balance subset of BOTMP was used to measure balance || Children with Down’s syndrome were able to improve the strength of their LE muscles and improve overall balance after a 6 week exercise training program. Balance was measured using the balance subscale of the BOTMP, a standardized test The program had excellent compliance and no adverse events ||
 * **AUTHOR** || **SOURCE** || **DATE** || **TITLE** || **SAMPLE** || **METHODOLOGY/ MAIN IDEA** || **RESULTS** ||
 * Ulrich, D.A., Ulrich, B.D., Angulo-Kinzler, R.M., Yun, J. || Pediatrics || 2001 || Treadmill training of infants with Down syndrome : evidence-based developmental outcomes. || 30 children with trisomy 21, average 10 months old, could sit indep for 30 seconds. Data collected for 1-2 years based on when able to walk independently. || Randomized Clinical Trial studying effect of treadmill training on independent ambulation in infants. At home treadmill training by the parents occurred for
 * Wuang YP, Chiang CS, Su CY, Wang CC || Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32 (1), 312-321 || 2011 || Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in children with Down syndrome || 160 children with Down Syndrome ranging in age from 7 to 12 years old. Children with any other neurological conditions or deficits were excluded. || Quasi-experimental study comparing the effect of standard occupational therapy (SOT) and virtual reality using Wii gaming technology (VRWii) on children. Each intervention group received a 1-h session 2 days per week for 24 weeks and control group received no treatment. || Participants in the VRWii group had a greater pre–post change on motor proficiency, visual-integrative abilities, and sensory integrative functioning. Follow-up studies are needed to verify the functional outcomes of VRWii. ||
 * Lewis, Fragala-Pinkham || Clinical Rehabilitation, 25, 425-432 || 2010 || Effect of strength and balance training in children with Down’s syndrome: a randomized controlled trial || 23 children with a medical diagnosis of Down’s syndrome, ages 7-15 years old and able to understand simple commands. Participants were randomized into two groups, n=12 (8 males and 4 females) in the exercise training program and n=11 (6 males and 5 females) in the control group. || Randomized clinical trial, examining effects of a 6 week exercise training program on lower limb strength and balance compared to a control group who participated in standard school activities.
 * Lewis, Fragala-Pinkham || ** Pediatric Physical Therapy, ** Volume 17(1), Spring 2005, pp 30-36 || 2005 || Effects of Aerobic Conditioning and Strength Training on a Child with Down Syndrome: A Case Study || One 10.5 year-old girl with DS with no reported medical problems and was on no medications || Single case study design with assessments before and after intervention. The subject participated in a home exercise program that included a 30 to 60 minutes moderate-to-high intensity exercise 3 days a week of aerobic exercise and 3 days a week of moderate-to high intensity anaerobic exercise 30-45 minutes a day. || Combined aerobic and strength-training programs resulted in an increase in cardiovascular endurance. Also, the patient demonstrated 60% increase in anaerobic power as measured by the modified Margaria-Kalaman power test. Subject also demonstrated improved balance, coordination, and power in gross motor tasks. ||
 * Champagne, D. & Dugas, C. || Physiotherapy Theory and Practice,26(8), 564-571 || 2010 || Improving gross motor function and postural control with hippotherapy in children with Down syndrome: case reports. || 2 children (child 1 = 28 month old boy and child 2 = 37 month old girl),full-term, diagnosed with Down syndrome within hours of birth with no indications of atlantoaxial instability, both used sign language for communication. || Case reports, examining effects of an 11 week hippotherapy therapy intervention (1x/wk for 30 minutes) on head and trunk control based on GMFM and accelerometry data, subjects performed various activities sitting on the horse(ex: reaching for toys) forward sitting, backward sitting, and side-sitting. || There was significant improvement in GMFM scores for child 1 but not child 2. Both groups showed the greatest improvement in walking/running/jumping on GMFM. Improved mediolateral control of head and trunk was demonstrated after hippotherapy completion based on accelerometry data. ||